Pennsylvania drillers kept oil production from the 1882 Warren County well a closely guarded secret.
Every year in densely wooded Cherry Grove, Pennsylvania, community members celebrate a 19th-century oil well and its place in American petroleum history. Led by local and visiting oil patch historians in June 2024, the Cherry Grove Old Home and Community Day featured tours of the well that once shook global petroleum markets.
When daily oil production from the “Mystery Well” was revealed in 1882, oil prices plunged worldwide. The discovery well drilled on lot 646 in the wilderness of Warren County had been a closely guarded secret.
Image “Guarding a Wildcat Well,” 1883, from The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, courtesy Raymond P. Sorenson.
Rumors of the oil discovery came at a time when markets were already oversupplied by the nearby Bradford field, the first truly giant U.S. oilfield. Widespread speculation about the well’s production influenced oil prices, according to petroleum geologist and historian Ray Sorenson.
“Numerous operators and marketers sent personnel to watch the well on 646, leading to the development of oil scouting as a recognized profession,” Sorenson noted in 2012, adding that his grandfather celebrated his first birthday in 1882 less than two miles from the well.
Lot 646 Mystery Well
Even the best oilfield detective tactics of early oil scouts were initially stymied at Cherry Grove.
Dedicated volunteers at a small Pennsylvania community celebrate “the great 1882 Oil Excitement in Cherry Grove” every June.
Owners of the lot 646 well had quietly secured nearby leases before word began to spread about the May 17, 1882, discovery well that flowed with 1,000 barrels of oil per day. The true oil production news about the mystery well, operated by the Jamestown Oil Company, sent shock waves through early oil market centers.
“The hilltop settlement of Cherry Grove saw national history in the spring and summer of 1882 when the 646 Mystery Well ushered in a great oil boom,” explained historian Paul H. Giddens in his 1938 The Birth of the Oil Industry.
“The excitement in the oil exchanges was indescribable,” Giddens proclaimed in his classic historical account. “Over 4,500,000 barrels of oil were sold in one day on the exchanges in Titusville, Oil City and Bradford.”
Visitors annually tour the “mystery well” site in Cherry Grove, Pennsylvania.
According to Giddens, the Cherry Grove discovery demoralized the market and drove the price down to less than 50 cents per barrel. It brought an early financial crisis for the young U.S. petroleum industry.
Despite the collapse of oil prices, hundreds of derricks appeared around Cherry Grove — and thousands of people moved there while the boom lasted.
Historian Sorenson’s research discovered that in the first 22 years after the first U.S. oil well of 1859, there were 30 wells that reported daily flow rates greater than 1,000 barrels. Between May 17 and August 1, 1882, the Cherry Grove oilfield had 48 wells producing more than 1,000 barrels of oil per day.
Celebrating Cherry Grove
Although short-lived, the drilling boom deserves to be remembered, according to dedicated volunteers of the Cherry Grove Old Home and Community Day Committee, which for decades has hosted petroleum history events every June.
“Before the railroad could lay a new line to Cherry Grove, the boom went bust,” noted Walt Atwood, president of the Cherry Grove Old Home and Community Day, in 2012. “Thousands of people moved on. Those who remained kept the memory of the Oil Excitement alive with reunions that became known as Old Home Day.”
According to Atwood, in 1982 a group of Cherry Grove regulars rebuilt a “life-size 1882-style oil derrick and shanty” for the historic 646 Mystery Well’s centennial celebration.
Volunteers worked with township supervisors to raise funds and bring a work crew from the Pennsylvania Conservation Corps. The volunteers reunited in 2007 for the 125th anniversary to rebuild the 646 Mystery Well replica.
The 2022 celebration, “the 140th Anniversary of the Great 1882 Oil Excitement in Cherry Grove, Pennsylvania,” took place in mid-June with events at the replica derrick behind the Cherry Grove Fire Hall, 6045 Cherry Grove Road (State Road 2001), southwest of Clarendon.
Volunteers have since continued to “keep the history alive” in their community. On June 15, 2024, oil patch historians once again hosted the Cherry Grove Old Home and Community Day, which included a tour of the once top-secret well that shook petroleum markets worldwide in 1882.
Geologist Sorenson in 2012 featured the 646 Mystery Well in a “Cherry Grove Field, Warren County, Pennsylvania: The Lot 646 Mystery Well and Its Aftermath“ to the Tulsa Geological Society, adapted from his work published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG). He also has extensively researched the earliest descriptions of oil found worldwide. Learn more about his research in Earliest Signs of Oil.
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Recommended Reading: Cherry Run Valley: Plumer, Pithole, and Oil City, Pa., Images of America
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The American Oil & Gas Historical Society (AOGHS) preserves U.S. petroleum history. Please become an AOGHS annual supporter today and help maintain this energy education website and expand historical research. For more information, contact bawells@aoghs.org. Copyright © 2025 Bruce A. Wells. All rights reserved.
Citation Information – Article Title: “Cherry Grove Mystery Well.” Authors: B.A. Wells and K.L. Wells. Website Name: American Oil & Gas Historical Society. URL: https://aoghs.org/petroleum-pioneers/mystery-well-of-cherry-grove. Last Updated: May 18, 2025. Original Published Date: May 12, 2013.
